How  to  buy  dyestuffs 


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1 


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How  to  buy  dyestuffs 


Cassella    Color  Company 


CO  I'YXICiHT 

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■    ■    ■  '  '  191:; 


TH€  GETTY  CENTER 
LIBRARY 


How  to  buy  dyestuffs 


How  to  buy  dyestuffs 
□ 


IT  is  perhaps  little  realized  even  by  those  introduction 
most  concerned  what  a  flood  of  high-class 
technical  literature  is  annually  put  into  the 
hands  of  the  textile  and  other  industries  by  the 
relatively  small  group  of  chemical  manufac- 
turers who  confine  themselves  exclusively  to  the 
exploitation  of  the  coal-tar  dyestufifs.  There  is 
probably  no  other  line  of  commercial  endeavor 
where  the  seller  places  at  the  disposal  of  the 
buyer  such  exact,  such  painstaking,  such  scien- 
tific and  full  information  concerning  the  wares 
which  he  is  offering,  as  does  the  dyestufiP  manu- 
facturer. 

It  is  not  enough  that  the  hundreds,  even 
thousands,  of  types  be  classified,  named,  labeled, 
valued  and  displayed  upon  the  fabric.  This 
multitude  must  be  shown  in  their  relations  of 
fastness  to  light,  washing,  exposure,  crocking, 
hot  pressing  and  other  peculiar  needs  of  an  in- 
dustry ramified  by  conditions  of  manufacture 
ancient  as  well  as  modern,  inadequate  as  well  as 
adequate,  and  easily  dominated  by  the  prejudices 
of  human  nature. 

Among  those  who  have  been  foremost  in  Educational  process 
this  educational  process  of  selling  goods — for  it  veiling 


Five 


is  educational  in  the  widest  way — stands  Leo- 
pold Cassella  &  Company,  G.m.b.H.,  of  Frank- 
fort-on-the-Main,  Germany,  and  in  America 
the  Cassella  Color  Company,  w^hose  head  offices 
are  in  New  York,  with  branches  in  the  principal 
textile  centres.  In  the  New  York  office  of  the 
Cassella  Color  Company  one  department  in 
their  large  ten-story  building  is  devoted  to  the 
care  and  distribution  of  this  literature.  In  their 
stock  room  of  modern  construction  some  two 
thousand  lineal  feet  of  metal  shelving  carries  a 
supply  of  publications  applicable  to  every  phase 
of  the  color  consuming  trades — for  the  editions 
of  these  books  run  into  the  thousands  of  volumes. 

To  illustrate  the  character  and  general  ap- 
pearance of  these  publications  some  fifty  of 
their  principal  books  have  been  brought  together 
into  the  form  of  a  ^Tive  Foot  Book  Shelf,"  a  fac- 
simile of  which  appears  upon  pages  i8  and  19. 
The  buyer  or  the  dyer  who  has  upon  his  shelves 
a  duplicate  of  this  small  library,  can  command 
practically  all  that  he  needs  in  the  way  of  infor- 
mation regarding  the  application  of  modern 
dyestuffs,  and  in  the  following  pages  will  be 
found  illustrated  some  of  the  features  of  these 
books — their  nature,  scope  and  breadth  of  treat- 
ment— ^which  will  in  some  measure  indicate 
the  great  amount  of  painstaking  labor,  skill  and 
enterprise  shown  in  their  preparation. 

After  the  perusal  of  one  of  these  volumes, 
the  reader  may  usefully  reflect  upon  the  con- 
ditions in  this  same  field  in  the  days  of  rule-of- 
thumb  dyeing.    The  comparison,  far  from  be- 


ing  ''odious,"  is  impressive  testimony  in  con- 
firmation of  that  to  which  we  have  referred. 
And  if  one  will  still  further  reflect  that  these 
publications  are  the  expression  in  permanent 
form  of  the  research  work  of  some  of  the  leading 
laboratories  in  Germany,  it  will  be  readily  ac- 
knowledged that  the  products  of  coal-tar  dyes 
have  done  their  work  well.  They  have  placed  in 
the  hands  of  the  textile  manufacturers  and  other 
dyestuft'  consumers  not  only  products  of  the 
greatest  variety  in  qualities  and  characteristics, 
but  have  afiforded  the  most  ample  means  with 
which  to  determine  the  respective  values  and 
merits  of  their  many  products. 

But  the  coal-tar  color  manufacturer  has  not 
stopped  here.  The  Cassella  Color  Company  has 
in  America  five  laboratories  fully  manned  and 
with  about  fifty  technical  experts  traveling 
throughout  the  country  demonstrating  its 
products  and  processes  upon  request.  This 
company  through  its  predecessors  was  the  first 
in  America  to  establish  a  laboratory  for  tex- 
tile work;  the  first  to  urge  upon  textile  mills 
the  need  of  laboratories  upon  their  own  prem- 
ises ;  and  among  the  earliest  to  place  in  the  hands 
of  the  buyer  even  the  most  elementary  methods 
for  testing  the  simplest  grades  of  dyer's  chemi- 
cals. It  has  frequently  been  called  upon  to  co- 
operate in  outlining  and  developing  the  scope 
and  plans  of  such  valuable  adjuncts  to  mills — 
not  only  to  enable  the  mill  to  test  its  own  colors, 
but  also  its  other  chemical  supplies,  water,  etc. 

The  accompanying  illustration  shows  the 


The  five  labora- 
tories at  the  disposal 
of  consumers  of 
dyes  without 
charcje 


The  mill  laboratory 


Seven 


Conservative  buying  necessarily  implies  the  proper  and  j  udicious 
selection  of  dyewares  and  their  careful  testing 


general  equipment  of  apparatus  necessary  for 
the  ordinary  dye-testing  work  in  such  a  labora- 
tory. With  the  usual  conveniences  of  a 
laboratory  work  table,  supplied  with  gas,  a 
steam  or  gas  heated  dye-bath  for  beakers  in 
which  the  comparative  dye  trials  are  made,  and 
the  necessary  chemicals  for  general  reactions  of 
dyestuffs,  and  of  fabrics,  the  mill  will  be  in  a 
position  to  test  its  dye  and  chemical  purchases. 
No  mill  can  make  the  most  efficient  progress 
without  such  aid. 

The  thoughtful  management  in  American 
mills   today  recognizes   fully  the  elementary 


Eight 


conditions  here  set  forth  and  this  little  brochure 
is  now  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  buyer  of  dyes 
for  the  purpose  of  calling  his  attention  to  the 
elaborate  resources  at  his  command  to  qualify 
him  to  secure  for  his  mill  the  best  in  quality,  in 
ease  of  application,  and  in  money  value  which 
the  trade  affords. 


.Vine 


The  ''Five  Foot  Book  ShelP' 
and  its  contents  described 


Let  us  look  at  the  books  and  examine  their 
contents. 

Most  important  of  all  we  have  here  the 
work  on  ''Cotton  Dyeing,"  a  volume  edited 
under  the  direction  of  Adolf  Kertesz  of  Frank- 
fort-on-Main,  Germany,  whose  leadership  in 
this  department  is  well  known. 

''Cotton  Dyeing"  is  a  large  octavo  volume 
of  445  pages,  fully  describing  220  separate  dyes 
and  illustrating  their  application  by  means  of 
472  specimens  on  cotton  cloth  from  actual  prac- 
tice. The  various  sections  of  the  volume  in- 
clude descriptions  of  the  dyes  according  to  their 
recognized  technical  grouping,  viz.,  Diamine 
Dyes,  including  the 
complete  details  for  di- 
rect dyeing;  after  treat- 
ment with  metallic 
salts,  the  diazotizing 
and  developing  process 
and  coupling.  The  Im- 
medial  Dyes,  the  Basic 
Dyes,  Paranitraniline 
Red  and  a  description 
of  various  minor  cot- 
ton dyes.  The  qualities 
of  fastness  are  illustrat- 

I  lie  latest  epitome  on  the  state  (if  th 

ed  by  most  expensive  art  of cmton  dyeing 


Cotton  dyeing 


Eleven 


tables.  A  part  of  this  volume  is  devoted  to  the 
description  of  the  technical  details  of  the 
dyes  described  in  the  general  part,  and  covering 
247  pages.  It  includes  all  practical  methods  for 
dyeing  cotton  in  all  conditions  of  manufacture 
with  the  dyes  shown,  including  other  vegetable 
fibres,  such  as  jute,  linen,  ramie,  etc. 

To  the  volume  on  ^'Cotton  Dyeing''  has 
been  issued  at  frequent  intervals  a  series  of 
twenty-three  supplements,  each  showing  dye- 


Every  page  replete  with  minute  details  of  the  properties 
of  each  dye  illustrated 

ings.  Later  a  volume  has  come  entitled  "Sup- 
plement to  Cotton  Dyeing,"  which  describes  in 
192  pages  41  new  dyes,  each  shown  in  two  or 
more  dyed  samples.  This  volume  is  arranged 
to  supply  the  fullest  technical  information  at  a 
moment's  notice.  It  too  has  been  kept  up  to 
date  by  the  publication  of  eighty-three  supple- 
ments. For  the  buyer  for  cotton  mills,  these 
several  volumes  alone  will  prove  a  most  valu- 
able depository  of  all  data  necessary  to  form  a 
proper  opinion  regarding  the  needs  of  his  mill. 


Twelve 


The  second  edition  of  the  foregoing  (pub- 
lished in  1913)  under  the  title  of  "The  Cotton 
Colors  of  the  Cassella  Color  Company"  is  a  vol- 
ume of  232  pages  of  complete  technical  descrip- 
tion of  470  separate  dyes.  It  includes  their  prop- 
erties, displayed  on  940  separate  patterns,  and 
illustrates  every  practically  applicable  dyeing 
process  for  cotton. 

For  more  complete  data  in  individual 
groups  there  are  special  volumes.  The  "Dyeing 
of  the  Immedial  Blues"  is  prepared  and  edited 
to  place  in  compact  form  all  necessary  informa- 
tion on  the  most  important  group  of  Sulphur 
colors  now  on  the  market.  This  is  a  large 
octavo,  105  pages  and  fully  illustrates  twenty- 
two  Immedial  Blues  with  228  dyeings  on  cot- 
ton in  all  stages  of  manufacture  from  raw  stock 
to  finished  fabric.  The  specific  properties  of 
each  is  described  in  full  and  suggestions  given 
as  to  the  most  suitable  means  of  employing  them. 
The  book  is  fully  illustrated  with  drawings  of 
dyeing  machinery. 

A  similar  volume  on  the  first  of  the  Car- 
bazol  vat  dyestufifs  known  as  "Hydron  Blue" 
is  of  great  importance  and  constitutes  a  most 
valuable  contribution  to  the  technical  literature 
of  the  vat  dyeing  colors.  It  is  an  octavo  show- 
ing eighty-four  large  specimens,  illustrating  the 
application  of  the  Hydron  Blues  to  cotton.  It 
includes  full  and  exact  information  regarding 
the  fastness  of  these  colors,  the  processes  best 
suited  for  dyeing,  according  to  condition  of  the 
cotton,  after  treatment,  etc.,  while  special  sec- 


Thirteen 


tions  are  devoted  to  the  dyeing  of  mercerized 
cotton,  and  linen  yarns,  the  use  of  special  types 
of  machines,  jigs  and  continuous  apparatus. 
Attention  is  given  to  the  bleaching  of  Hydron 
dyed  goods.  Several  supplements  have  been 
issued. 

Cotton  printing  a-pj^^  Printing  of  Cotton  Fabrics"   is  an 

octavo  volume  of  1^2  pages,  showing  a  series 
of  several  hundred  type  dyeings  and  many  di- 
rect, discharge,  and  other  prints  from,  practice. 
This  book  is  divided  conveniently  into  sections, 
each  complete  in  so  far  as  relates  to  the  group 
under  discussion. 

Leaving  cotton  we  pass  over  a  host  of  inter- 
esting publications  each  of  individual  value 
to  cotton  users  and  shall  now  speak  of  the  domi- 
nating volume  in  the  dyeing  of  wool  and  woolen 
fabrics. 

Wool  dyeing  ''Wool  Dyeing"  is  a  large  octavo  of  397 

pages  with  408  dyeings  of  204  separate  dye- 
stuffs  representing  every  class  of  colors  avail- 
able for  wool  dyeing  and  replete  with  all  in- 
formation regarding  their  properties  and  best 
methods  for  dyeing.  It  also  describes  the 
coloring  of  loose  wool,  shoddy,  slubbing,  yarns, 
machine  dyeing,  piece  dyeing,  wool  and  hair 
hats  with  a  section  on  the  application  of  colors 
in  wool  printing.  The  book  closes  with  a  sec- 
tion on  water  and  the  important  chemicals  used 
in  wool  dyeing.  ''Wool  Dyeing"  is  kept  fully 
up  to  date  by  prompt  and  frequent  issues  of  sup- 
plements illustrating  and  describing  new  colors 
as  they  are  put  on  the  market.    Various  shade 


Fourteen 


cards  are  also  brought  out  from  time  to  time 
which  are  not  supplements,  yet  are  of  great 
value  to  buyers  of  colors,  as  they  show  the  pos- 
sibilities of  numerous  combinations.  As  these 
are  sometimes  issued  at  the  beginning  of  the 
seasons,  they  aptly  show  the  current  shades  for 
the  ensuing  few  months. 

^'The  Dyeing  of  Unions"  contains  122  pages  The  dyeing 
showing  the  four  broad  groups  of  dyestufifs  that  ^^""'^"s 
find  the  widest  application  in  the  dyeing  of 
fabrics  composed  of  both  wool  and  cotton,  and 
includes  artificial  silk,  union  goods,  worsteds, 
cheviots,  meltons,  astrakhans,  mixed  fabrics 
containing  mercerized  cotton  effects  with  al- 
paca, crepe  goods,  union  felt,  etc.  This  com- 
pilation is  a  veritable  encyclopedia  of  technical 
information  regarding  mixed  fabrics  of  every 
class.  Since  it  was  first  published  various  addi- 
tions have  been  made  to  it  in  the  form  of  sepa- 
rate folders  and  shade  cards  not  only  descriptive 
of  new  colors,  but  also  of  improved  methods. 
The  class  of  colors  known  as  the  '^Duatols"  are 
described  in  a  folder  illustrating  thirty  separate 
dyeings  upon  imitation  seal  skin.  These  show 
not  only  straight  shades  but  many  combinations. 
Owing  to  the  great  demand  for  colors  fast  to 
light,  a  folder  is  provided  showing  the  applica- 
tion of  fast  to  light  colors  upon  ladies'  dress 
goods,  men's  wear,  fabrics  and  goods  for  uphol- 
stery and  draperies.  This  folder  gives  very 
complete  working  directions  with  many  sugges- 
tions for  compound  shades. 

Of  particular  interest  to  manufacturers  of 


Fifteen 


cloth  for  men's  wear,  there  has  been  issued 
a  volume  showing  thirty  large  sized  dyeings  of 
solid  and  mixed  shades  of  gentlemen's  suitings 
obtained  in  actual  mill  practice.  Reference  is 
made  to  this  in  view  of  the  fact  that  among  the 
smaller  hand  books  this  is  one  that  contains 
a  large  amount  of  practical  information. 
Papei  staining  "Dycstuffs  for  Paper  Dyeing"  is  the  title 

of  a  book  of  117  pages  showing  a  series  of 
fifty  separate  dyestufTs  that  have  found  wide  ap- 
plication in  paper  staining.  Each  dyestufif  is 
accompanied  with  all  technical  data  relating  to 
the  best  method  of  dyeing  or  staining,  its  fastness 
to  light,  to  alkalis,  to  alum,  to  acids  and  to  the 
condition  of  the  back  water.  Specific  recom- 
mendations and  suggestions  are  made  for  the 
use  of  each  color.  Besides  enumerating  the 
properties  of  the  several  dyestuffs,  there  is  shown 
a  very  wide  range  of  shades  upon  almost  every 
kind  of  paper  made  by  that  industry,  including 
wrapping  paper,  blotting  paper,  envelope  paper, 
art  covers,  mottled  paper,  etc.  Attention  is  also 
given  to  the  subject  of  filling  materials  and 
other  substances  used  in  paper  making,  the 
chemicals  employed  and  their  influence  on  dyes. 
Lake  colors  Thc  manufacturing  of  paints  and  pigments 

is  treated  in  a  complete  folder  describing  the 
technical  details  of  eleven  methods  for  convert- 
ing the  dyes  into  soluble  pigments  or  lakes  for 
paint  and  ink  making  and  such  industries  as 
employ  insoluble  colors.  Fifty-six  shades  are 
shown  of  pigments  produced  by  the  processes 
described. 


Sixteen 


The  varnish  industry  is  considered  in  a 
folder  showing  varnished  samples  of  metal, 
colored  with  varnishes  representing  thirty-two 
separate  and  distinct  dyes,  the  complete  techni- 
cal methods  of  coloring  the  varnishes  forming 
a  part  of  this  card. 

''Dyestuffs    for    Soap"    is    illustrated  by 


Colors  for  varnishes, 
soaps  and  candles 


twenty-four  cakes  of  soap,  each  of  which 
is  colored  by  a  dyestuff  adapted  to  the  soap 
industry,  and  which  is  amplified  by  the  prac- 
tical technical  details  necessary  for  soap  color- 
ing. 

A  similar  collection  of  samples  to  the  num- 


Seventeen 


t 


The  ^'Five  Foot  Bookshelf 


ber  of  twenty-four  is  shown  in  a  card  illustrat- 
ing the  coloring  of  wax  candles  and  articles 
manufactured    from  wax,  including  stearine, 
paraffin,  the  cerasines  and  oils. 
Carpets,  rugs,  etc.  ^j^^  carpct  and  rug  industry  has  been 

carefully  considered  by  the  publication  from 
time  to  time  of  several  shade  cards  containing 
a  wide  range  of  dyeings  with  technical  direc- 
tions illustrating  the  coloring  of  yarns  for  the 
manufacture  of  carpets,  tapestries  and  rugs. 
The  card  showing  the  dyeing  of  carpet  yarn 
manufactured  from  cow-hair  and  illustrating 
seventy-six  separate  dyeings,  has  been  found  to 
be  of  very  great  value  to  dyers  of  this  class  of 
material. 

There  has  been  a  great  awakening  in  the 
carpet  and  rug  industry  during  recent  years  in 


Eighteen 


the  use  of  fast  dyes,  due  in  a  very  great  measure 
to  the  increasing  demand  on  the  part  of  the  pub 
lie,  for  fast  to  light  colors.  One  folder  descrip- 
tive of  the  colors  best  suited  to  the  dyeing  of 
upholstery  and  draping  material  has  been  else- 
where noticed. 

One  of  the  unusual  applications  of  dye-  ceiiuioid 
stuffs  is  in  the  coloring  of  celluloid.  This  has 
been  described  and  illustrated  with  both  trans- 
parent and  opaque  specimens  of  celluloid 
colored  with  fifteen  separate  dyestufifs  that  have 
been  found  best  suited  for  this  purpose. 

The  dyeing  of  furs  has  been  treated  in  a    Fur  dyeing 
volume  containing  twenty-three  large  size  pieces 
of  genuine  fur  colored  by  products  adapted  to 
this  industry.    Complete  working  directions  are 
given  not  only  for  coloring,  but  for  the  various 


Nineteen 


important  preparatory  processes  for  treating  the 
skins  prior  to  coloring  and  also  for  producing 
certain  effect  shades  with  white  or  colored  tips. 
The  whole  shows  painstaking  care  by  the  ex- 
perts of  this  department. 

In  addition  to  the  series  of  large  volumes 
there  has  been  issued  a  series  of  small  pocket 
volumes  entitled  ''Manuals  of  Dyeing"  which 
contain  in  very  compact  form  but  without 
serious  abbreviation,  all  the  information  con- 
tained in  the  large  volumes  and  supplements 
with  the  exception  of  the  dyed  patterns.  These 
small  manuals,  each  a  vade  mecum  for  the  dyer, 
covers  every  phase  of  the  application  of  dye- 
stuffs  to  cotton  and  each  volume  is  complete  in 
itself. 

Volume  I,  is  devoted  to  the  dyeing  of 
cotton  and  allied  fibres,  Volume  IT,  to  wool,  silk, 
half  wool  and  half  silk.  Volume  III,  gives  the 
dyeing  of  garments  and  sub-divisions  of  that 
trade  including  feathers,  straw,  buttons,  etc., 
also  leather,  paper,  pigments,  varnishes  and 
inks.  Volume  IV  is  devoted  to  textile  print- 
ing, not  only  of  cotton  and  cotton  fibres,  but  of 
wool,  half  wool,  silk,  half  silk,  etc.  Two  sepa- 
rate pocket  manuals,  one  on  leather  dyeing  and 
the  other  on  fur  dyeing  are  likewise  specially 
prepared  for  workers  in  the  branches  of  industry 
to  which  they  belong.  These  pocket  manuals 
have  a  very  wide  circulation  and  in  the  hands 
of  buyers  have  been  found  of  great  service. 


T7venty 


In  addition  to  a  monthly 
this  continually  P^^'^^i^--^^ 
augmented  line  of 
publications  the 
C  a  s  s  e  1 1  a  Color 
Company  m  a  i  n- 
tains  a  regular  issue 
of  a  periodical  en- 
titled ''Dyestufifs.'^ 
This  is  a  monthly 
epitome  of  current 
articles  of  interest 
that  have  appeared 
in  the  textile  trade 
journals,  thus 
bringing  to  the  direct  attention  of  dyers  the 
practical  results  of  those  workers  who  publish 
from  time  to  time  results  of  their  more  recent  ex- 
periences in  the  use  of  dyes.  "DyestufTs"  is  dis- 
tributed gratuitously  to  all  who  are  interested  in 
the  use  of  colors,  and  it  is  the  aim  of  the  pub- 
lishers to  keep  on  the  mailing  list  the  name  of 
every  dyer  and  consumer.  The  mailing  lists  are 
classified  according  to  the  different  branches  of 
dyeing  into  which  the  textile  and  other  indus- 
tries are  divided. 

In  furtherance  of  the  established  policy  of    Aids  to  tec 

J .  .        .  ....  .  , .  education 

Qissemmatmg  practical  mrormation  regardmg 
dyestuffs  and  their  uses,  especially  among  young 
men  studying  the  principles  of  textile  coloring, 
the  company  has  presented  to  some  one  hundred 
schools,  technical  institutions  and  colleges,  a  com- 
prehensive collection  of  specimens.  These  show 


Volume  XVI  -Inn.-.  1913  Number  li 


PIESIUEFS 


riie  Tendering  ot'  Unions 


FubUshedMonthlyLy 

CassellaCdorCompany 


Iwenty-one 


Over  one  hundred  collections  of  authentic  types  of  dyestuffs  have  been 
deposited  in  educational  institutions  throughout  the  country 


the  initial  raw  materials,  the  principal  middle 
products  and  a  very  complete  series  of  the  most 
important  dyestuffs  derived  therefrom  all  prop- 
erly labelled.  Corresponding  descriptive  litera- 
ture accompanies  the  samples,  the  whole  con- 
tained in  a  handsome  oak  and  glass  cabinet. 
This  exhibit  has  been  spoken  of  in  the  highest 
terms  by  teachers,  technical  educators,  practical 
dyers  and  others  qualified  to  give  an  opinion. 
The  collection  is  one  of  greatest  value  to  stu- 
dents of  dyeing. 


Twenty-two 


A  pictorial  representation  of  the  magnitude  of  the  coal-tar  derivatives. 
The  study  of  color  chemistry  and  dyeing  has  always  been 
encouraged  by  the  Cassella  Color  Company 


'^Wt'uty-thrc'e 


^'The  Coal-Tar  Tree,"  a  very  interesting 
chart,  educational  in  the  highest  degree,  and 
one  of  the  first  attempts  to  popularize  interest 
in  the  origin  of  the  coal-tar  colors,  was  re- 
published in  this  country  in  1888  by  the  then 
William  J.  Matheson  &  Co.  (predecessors  to 
the  present  Cassella  Color  Company)  and  given 
the  widest  publicity. 

On  the  opposite  page  is  shown  a  reproduc- 
tion of  one  of  a  set  of  diagrams  illustrating  the 
important  processes  in  the  coal-tar  industry. 
These  were  prepared  to  accompany  a  collection 
of  raw,  middle  and  finished  products  for  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  at  Washington.  Special 
collections  have  also  been  deposited,  among 
other  institutions,  in  Columbia  University,  Shef- 
field Scientific  School  of  Yale,  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology,  members  of  the  chem- 
ical faculties  of  which  have  frequently  availed 
themselves  of  the  facilities  of  Cassella's  labora- 
tories. 

The  technical  men  in  the  service  of  the 
company  are  encouraged  to  contribute  to  the 
pages  of  the  scientific  press  the  results  of  orig- 
inal investigations  on  practical  matters  embrac- 
ing the  solution  of  problems  relating  to  the 
chemical  treatment,  bleaching,  dyeing  and 
printing  of  textiles,  and  to  read  papers  before 
technical  and  scientific  bodies  both  at  home  and 
abroad,  and  which  are  afterwards  given  the 
widest  publicity  throughout  the  textile  trade. 


Twenty-four 


DIAGRAM 

MANUFACTURE  OF  METHYLENE  BLUE 


f^E DucTioN  or  — = 
NITROSO  DIMCTHYLANIUNC 


One  of  a  series  of  wall  charts  supplied  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
Washington,  by  the  Cassella  Color  Company 


Iwenty-five 


Technological 
works 


The  Cassella 
library 


A  standing 
invitation  to 
manufacturers 


Books  alone  are  of  little  service  to  those 
who  do  not  use  them,  but  such  as  do  use 
them,  recognize  the  very  great  value  of  works 
on  the  technology  of  their  respective  in- 
dustries. It  is  not  to  be  presumed  that  the 
owner  of  a  book  or  library  has  absorbed  the  con- 
tents of  every  volume.  He  needs  but  a  general 
knowledge  of  their  contents  to  refer  to  them 
with  certainty  for  the  information  they  contain. 
This  idea  has  been  kept  in  mind  by  the  Cassella 
Color  Company  in  publishing  its  extensive 
series  of  volumes,  shade  cards  and  manuals  cov- 
ering every  department  of  textile  and  fabric 
coloring,  from  antique  leather  to  artificial  silk, 
and  which  has  been  aptly  termed  the  Cassella 
Library. 

This  collection  of  volumes,  shade  cards  and 
brochures,  each  carefully  prepared  and  edited 
by  an  expert  and  specialist  in  his  particular  field 
of  coloring,  with  the  active  co-operation  of 
specially  trained  technical  men,  comprises  with- 
out possible  exception,  the  most  comprehensive 
set  of  works  on  the  use  of  the  coal-tar  dyestufifs 
in  the  color  consuming  industries. 

The  well-known  advertisement  ''Problems 
in  Dyeing,"  the  title  of  one  of  the  most  widely 
read  advertisements  of  the  Cassella  Color  Com- 
pany has  been  for  years  a  standing  invitation  to 
manufacturers  of  textiles  and  their  dyers  to  avail 
themselves  of  the  facilities  afiforded  by  the  vari- 
ous laboratories  of  this  company,  and  of  the 


Twenty-six 


Problems      services  of  its  large 
%  XI    Dyeing      ^^^^  technical 

men.  These  facili- 
ties have  been  freely 
accorded  to  all  who 
have  sought  such  as- 
sistance. And  the 
Company's  records 
show  that  hundreds 
o  f  manufacturers 
have  sought  this  aid 
in  solving  their  prob- 
lems. The  invitation 
is  renewed  in  this 
brochure  in  even 
more  definite  terms. 
When  the  circum- 
stances permit,  and  it 
Cassella  Color  Co.     is    desired    by  the 

182-184  Front  Street  :  New  YorK 

management  of  a 
mill,  a  technical  man 
— an  expert  in  his  particular  line  of  work — is 
sent  to  the  mill  to  apply  on  a  large  scale  the 
dyestuffs  that  have  been  found  by  the  laboratory 
trials  to  be  proper  for  the  purpose. 

The  facilities  and  opportunities  afforded  in    Casseiia laboratories 

1  1111  •  always  open 

the   Cassella   laboratories   are   open    to   cus-  workers 
tomers  and  their  employees  without  charge  or 
obligation  whatever.    Here  may  be  followed 
lines  of  work  such  as  directly  interests  the  inves- 


EL  are  prepared  to 
dye  any  shade 
upon  any  fabric 
submitted,  or  we  will 
match  any  required 
shade  and  submit  ex 
act  dyeing  directions. 
Information  of  a  tech 
nical  nature  cheer 
fully  given.  No  charge 
is  made  for  such  serv 
ice,  and  in  accepting 
it  there  is  no  obligation 
to  purchase  from  us 
anything  that  you  can 
buy  or  that  you  thinK 
you  can  buy  to  better 
advantage  elsewhere. 


Twcnty-scvc}i 


tigator  who  during  the  prosecution  of  such  re- 
search may  feel  absolutely  free  to  avail  himself 
of  the  special  knowledge  of  any  of  the  technical 
stafT.  He  also  has  available  a  complete  tech- 
nical library  of  standard  works  on  the  prepara- 


One  of  the  individual  work  tables'in  the  laboratory 
of  the  Cassella  Color  Company 


tory  processes,  bleaching,  dyeing,  printing,  etc., 
besides  the  various  scientific  and  trade  journals 
of  the  chemical  industries. 
No  mystery  ^hc  propcr  sclcction  of  dycs  involves  no 

^Tyes  mystery.  If  the  dyer  knows  the  requirements  im- 
posed upon  the  fabric  which  it  is  his  duty  to 
produce,  the  full  and  ample  technical  informa- 

T7iient}'-eig/it 


tion  which  the  Cassella  Color  Company  gratuit- 
ously distributes  places  him  in  a  position  to 
make  a  selection  suitable  to  his  purpose.  It  is 
not  a  matter  of  guess-work;  it  is  not  a  case  of 
whether  this,  that  or  some  other  color  will  meet 


A  series  of  d}'e-l)aths  in  wliicli  hundreds  oi  tests  on  all  kinds  oi 
textile  material  are  made 

the  need,  it  is  a  matter  of  knowing  and  under- 
standing the  limitations  of  a  reasonably  small 
yet  comprehensive  group  of  dyestufifs  adapted 
to  the  requirements  of  the  mill  he  is  serving. 
No  dyer  can  memorize  the  full  technical  infor- 
mation that  has  been  prepared  and  published 
regarding  every  dyestuff  placed  upon  the  mar- 
ket; no  dyer  or  color  mixer  can  recall  definitely 
whether  certain  dyes  will  mix  and   are  com- 


Tiventy-nine 


patible  with  each  other  in  the  dye-bath  unless  he 
has  had  experience  with  them,  but  by  the  aid 
of  the  literature  which  has  been  published  and 
distributed  thus  freely,  he  is  in  a  position  to 
quickly  determine  what  is  best  suited  for  his 
work. 


Thirty 


The  "Five  Foot  Book  Shelf  " 


(See  illustrations  beginning  "Cotton  Dveing"  on  page  eleven). 

No. 

The  Diamine  Colors  1896. 

The  first   comprehensive   volume  ever 

published   on   the   Direct   or  Diamine 

Colors. 

2303    The  Dyeing  of  Cotton. 

Cotton  colors  of  the  Cassella  Color  Com- 
pany.   Second  edition  of  the  above. 

2567    Cotton  Dyeing  (Supplement  to) 

2652    The  Printing  of  Cotton  Fabrics. 

2823    Blue  Immedial  Colors. 

3266    Dyeings  on  mercerized  cotton  yarn. 

3388    Diamine  Colors  and  Diamine  Fast  Colors 
on  cotton  yarn. 

3382    Diamine  Colors  and  Diamine  Fast  Colors 
on  cotton  yarn. 

3398    Immedial  Colors  on  Loose  Cotton. 

3322    Hydron  Blue. 

3018    Immedial  Colors  on  Piece  Goods. 
3228    Cotton  Yarn  Printing. 
2021    Diamine  Colors  on  Cotton  Yarn  (self 
shades) . 

1990    Diamine  Colors  on  Cotton  Thread. 
2218    Immedial  Colors  and  their  application 
on  cotton. 

2876    Immedial  Colors  on  cotton  varn. 
2561    Wool  Dyeing. 

2905  Dyeings  fast  to  Milling  on  Worsted  Yarn. 
2944    Dyeings  on  loose  wool  fast  to  milling, 

produced    with    Anthracene  Chromate 

Colors. 


'JhirtV'Ove 


3075    Dyeings  fast  to  light  on  yarn  for  carpets 

and  upholstery  goods. 
3317    Dyestuffs  for  wool. 
3157    Chrome  Colors  for  Wool. 
3349    Fashionable  shades  1911-1912. 
3452    Dyeings  fast  to  milling  of  Anthracene 

Chrome     and    Anthracene  Chromate 

Colors. 

2693    The  Dyeings  of  Unions. 

3454    Dyeings  on  Union  Shoddy  cloth. 

3340    Union  shades. 

3122    Garment  Dyeing. 

2971    Dyestufifs  for  Union  Dyeing. 

3245    Dyeings  on  silk. 

3037    Half-silk  dyeing. 

3401    Dyeings  on  Artificial  silk. 

2492    Dyeings  on  silk  noils. 

31500    Fashionable  shades  on  ladies'  wool  hats 

Mode  shades  on  fur  felt,  Spring  1913. 
3313    The  DyestufTs  for  Paper  Dyeing. 
3387    Dyeings  on  straw  plait. 
2919    The  Dyeing  of  Leather. 
3459    Fur  Dyeing  with  Furrols. 
3176    DyestufTs  for  Soap. 
3342    Dyeings  on  wood  chip. 

2938  Manual    of    Dyeing,   Volume    I,  2nd 
edition. 

2939  Manual   of   Dyeing,  Volume   II,  2nd 
edition. 

2940  Manual  of  Dyeing,  Volume  III,  2nd 
edition. 

2941  Manual   of    Dyeing,   Volume  IV,  2nd 
edition,  1898-1912. 

''Dyestufifs" — a  monthly  publication — Vol- 
umes I  to  15,  inclusive  (1898-1912). 


Thirty-itvo 


The  main  office,  warehouse  and  laboratory  building 
occupied  in  its  entirety  by  the 
Cassella  Color  Company,  New  York 


An  Invitation 


The  laboratories  of  the 
Cassella  Color  Company  are 
thoroughly  equipped  for  the 
testing  of  dyestufifs,  the  con- 
ducting of  dyeing  processes 
adapted  to  every  class  of  com- 
mercial fabric,  and  for  re- 
search work  of  allied  char- 
acter. Manufacturers  of  tex- 
tiles and  other  consumers, 
their  dyers  or  colorists  are 
freely  accorded  ample  facili- 
ties for  the  purpose  of  con- 
ducting original  work. 

The  acceptance  of  this  in- 
vitation in  no  way  obligates 
the  operator  to  the  use  or 
adoption  of  Cassella  colors  in 
subsequent  work  in  the  mill. 


Cassella  Color  Company 

182-184  Front  Street,  New  York 


COMMENTS  FROM  THE  TEXTILE  PRE5S 


From     Textile  American/*  Boston 

HOW  TO  BUY  DYESTUFFS. 

**How  to  Buy  Dyestuffs"  is  a  brochure  emanating  from  that  de- 
partment of  the  Cassella  Color  Company  devoted  to  the  preparation 
and  distribution  of  high  class  technical  literature  regarding  the  ap- 
plication of  modern  dyestuffs.  The  Cassella  Color  Company's  "Five 
Foot  Book  Shelf"  comprises  fifty  of  their  principal  books.  The 
buyer  or  the  dyer  who  has  upon  his  shelves  a  duplicate  of  this  small 
library  has  a  great  force  at  his  command  in  the  way  of  information 
regarding  the  application  of  modern  dyestuffs.  This  educational 
process  of  selling  is  a  notable  feature,  employed  by  a  relatively  small 
group  of  chemical  manufacturers  who  confine  themselves  exclusively 
to  the  exploitation  of  the  coal-tar  dyestuffs,  placing  as  it  does  at 
the  disposal  of  the  buyer  such  exact  painstaking  scientific  informa- 
tion concerning  the  wares  he  is  constantly  purchasing.  To  supple- 
ment this  great  and  continuous  work  this  little  brochure  is  now 
placed  in  the  hands  of  the  buyer  of  dyes  for  the  purpose  of  calling 
his  attention  to  the  elaborate  resources  at  his  command  whereby  he 
may  qualify  himself  to  secure  for  his  mill:  quality,  ease  of  appli- 
cation and  money  value  in  dyestuffs. 


From     Cotton/'  Atlanta 

"How  to  Buy  Dyestuffs."  A  brochure  by  the  Cassella  Color 
Company,  182  Front  St.,  New  York,  35  pages.  Numerous  illustra- 
tions.   Distributed  by  the  publishers. 

The  contents  of  this  brochure  consists  mainly  of  illustrations 
from  50  different  books  published  by  this  company  and  which,  when 
brought  together  form  a  "Five-foot  book  shelf,"  on  which  the  buyer 
or  the  dyer  can  command  practically  all  that  he  needs  in  the  way 
of  information  regarding  the  application  of  modern  dyestuffs. 

The  proper  selection  of  dyes  involves  no  mystery.  If  the  dyer 
knows  the  requirements  imposed  upon  the  fabric  which  it  is  his  duty 
to  produce,  the  full  technical  information  which  Cassella  Color 
Company  distributes,  places  him  in  a  position  to  make  a  selection 
suitable  to  his  purpose.  No  dyer  can  memorize  the  full  technical  in- 
formation that  has  been  prepared  and  published  regarding  every 
dyestuff  on  the  market;  no  dyer,  or  color  mixer,  can  recall  definitely 
whether  certain  dyes  will  mix  compatible  with  each  other  in  the 
dye  bath,  unless  he  has  had  experience  with  them,  but  by  the  aid 
of  the  literature  referred  to,  and  which  has  been  published  and 
distributed,  he  is  in  a  position  to  quickly  determine  what  is  best 
suited  for  his  work. 


From     Leather  Manufacturer,"  Boston 


HOW  TO  BUY  DYESTUFFS. 

We  have  recently  received  a  valuable  brochure  entitled  "How  to 
Buy  Dyestuffs."  The  keynote  of  the  book  is  the  effort  on  the  part 
of  the  publishers  to  place  both  buyer  and  seller  of  dyestuffs  in  a 
position  of  frank  relationship  to  each  other.  The  company  also  in- 
vites manufacturers  of  leather  to  make  use  of  their  extensive  facili- 
ties of  research  of  their  work. 

Valuable  information  is  contained  in  this  book,  and  any  tannery 
superintendent  or  foreman  interested  in  the  subject  of  colors  should 
send  to  the  Cassella  Color  Company,  182  Front  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y., 
for  a  copy  of  this  valuable,  free  information. 


From  **  Textile  World  Record/'  Boston 

HOW  TO  BUY  DYESTUFFS. 

A  book  recently  published  by  the  Cassella  Color  Company,  182 
Front  St.,  New  York,  will  be  found  of  great  value  by  every  buyer  or 
consumer  of  dyestuffs.  Its  object  is  to  aid  the  buyer  by  making  him 
better  acquainted  with  the  vast  number  of  coal  tar  dyestuff's  on  the 
market.  In  carrying  out  this  object  the  Cassella  Color  Company 
has  arranged  the  most  important  of  their  publications  on  a  five- 
foot  book  shelf,  an  illustration  and  a  catalogue  of  which  are  given  in 
this  book.  Every  buyer  of  dyestuffs  should  get  a  copy  of  "How  to 
Buy  Dyestuffs,"  and  then  call  for  such  literature  from  the  five-foot 
shelf  as  he  may  need  for  his  particular  line  of  work. 


From  ''Canadian  Textile  Journal,**  Toronto 

HOW  TO  BUY  DYESTUFFS. 

The  Cassella  Color  Company  is  distributing  a  brochure  to  the 
dyestuff  consuming  industries,  under  the  above  title,  which  will  no 
doubt  be  of  interest  to  all  dyers.  The  book  does  not  pretend  to  be 
an  exhaustive  treatise  on  the  subject  which  it  discusses ;  it  will, 
we  believe,  be  sufficient  in  its  way  to  make  plain  the  efforts  which 
this  company  has  made  to  place  both  the  buyer  and  the  seller  of 
dyestuffs  wares  in  a  position  of  frank  relationship  to  each  other, 
where  the  qualities  and  characteristics  of  these  important  supplies 
may  be  fully  determined  and  understood. 


Prom  **PosseWs  Textile  Journal/*  Philadelphia 

HOW  TO  BUY  DYESTUFFS 

is  a  book  just  issued  for  distribution  to  the  dyestuff  consuming  in- 
dustries by  the  Cassella  Color  Company. 

While  this  booli  does  not  pretend  to  be  an  exhaustive  treatise  on 
the  subject  which  it  discusses,  it  is  sufficient  in  its  way  to  make 
plain  the  effort  which  this  company  has  made  to  place  the  buyer 
and  seller  of  dyestuffs  in  a  position  of  frank  relationship  to  each 
other,  where  the  qualities  and  characteristics  of  these  important 
supplies  may  be  fully  determined  and  understood. 

Attention  is  directed  to  the  invitation  extended  to  manufactur- 
ers of  textiles,  their  dyers  and  colorists,  to  make  use  of  the  exten- 
sive facilities  the  Cassella  Color  Company  has  at  their  large  10- 
story  New  York  main  office  and  laboratory  building,  for  research 
and  other  w^ork,  which  it  is  hoped  will  be  availed  of  to  the  fullest 
extent  by  the  readers  of  Posselt's  Textile  Journal.  The  acceptance 
of  this  invitation  of  the  Cassella  Color  Company  In  no  way  obli- 
gates the  mill  to  the  use  or  adoption  of  Cassella  Colors  in  their  sub- 
sequent work,  it  is  offered  complimentary  to  you. 

To  illustrate  the  character  and  general  appearance  of  these  pub- 
lications some  fifty  of  their  principal  books  have  been  brought  to- 
gether into  the  form  of  a  "Five-foot  Book  Shelf."  The  buyer,  the 
dyer  or  the  chemist  who  has  upon  his  shelves  a  duplicate  of  this 
small  library  will  find  the  same  a  mine  of  information,  and  will  do 
well  to  address  the  Cassella  Color  Company,  182  Front  Street,  New 
York  City,  on  the  subject. 


Prom  **Textile  Manufacturer* s  Journal^**  New  York 

NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 

The  Cassella  Color  Company  has  just  issued  one  of  the  most 
attractively  prepared  booklets  recently  received.  It  is  entitled  "How 
to  Buy  Dyestuffs."  It  is  printed  on  heavy  coated  stock,  with  board 
covers,  and  is  replete  with  half-tone  illustrations  descriptive  of  the 
service  which  the  Cassella  Color  Company  is  prepared  to  give  to  its 
customers.  It  places  at  their  disposal  five  fully  manned  and  equipped 
laboratories,  and  also  has  about  50  technical  experts  who  travel 
about  the  country,  demonstrating  the  products  and  processes  of  the 
company,  upon  request.  The  booklet  also  contains  a  description  of 
volumes  which  are  included  in  a  "Five-foot  Book  Shelf"  which 
should  be  owned  by  all  buyers  of  dyestuffs. 


From  '* American  Hatter,''  New  York 

"HOW  TO  BUY  DYESTUFFS." 

A  resume  of  the  technical  literature  published  for  the  guidance 
of  manufacturers  who  use  dyes  and  dyestuffs  is  found  in  an  attrac- 
tive little  brochure  just  issued  by  the  Cassella  Color  Company,  New 
York.  In  it  will  be  found  the  story  of  the  dyestuff  manufacturer's 
researches,  and  a  detailed  account  of  the  works  that  have  been 
compiled  to  assist  every  kind  of  dyeing. 

An  invitation  is  also  issued  to  manufacturers  of  textiles,  their 
dyers  and  colorists,  to  make  use  of  the  extensive  facilities  of  the 
Cassella  Color  Company  for  research  and  other  work,  which  can  be 
carried  on  in  the  company's  laboratories. 

The  book  should  succeed  in  giving  the  buyer  of  dyestufifs  a  better 
understanding  of  the  service  which  is  being  rendered  the  various 
industries  by  the  dye  manufacturer. 


From  **Tbe  Textile  Colorist,"  Pliiladelptiia 

"HOW  TO  BUY  DYESTUFFS." 

This  is  the  title  of  an  interesting  publication  of  the  Cassella 
Color  Company,  who  offer  in  an  attractive  little  volume  a  review 
of  their  "Five-foot  Book  Shelf."  The  books  on  the  shelf  com- 
prise a  treatise  on  dyeing  in  all  its  modifications  and  cover  every 
class  of  material.  As  the  information  is  kept,  by  means  of  sup- 
plements, strictly  up-to-date,  the  user  of  their  products  has  be- 
fore him  a  store  of  knowledge  which  would  be  otherwise  hard  to 
duplicate.  The  book  also  gives  a  description  of  the  offices  and 
laboratories  of  the  company  and  extends  an  invitation  to  all  to 
avail  themselves  of  the  services  of  this  most  efficient  organization 
in  the  solution  of  technical  and  dyeing  problems.  We  would  sug- 
gest that  those  interested  in  this  matter  write  direct  to  the  nearest 
office  of  the  company  in  order  to  avail  themselves  of  these  excep- 
tional opportunities. 


TH€  GETTY  CENTER 
L.JBRARY 


